The distribution of Gun making and how companies launch gun safety Essay

The distribution of Gun making and how companies launch gun safety programs - Essay Example However there has been a launch on the gun safety programs that have instigated various distribution strategies.The action program has a very effective current distribution strategy. The strategy ensures that the program will work so as to bring very significant changes in the way in which the gun industry makes its distribution of the firearms. The strategy aims at limiting the ease with which the juveniles and the criminals can obtain the guns since this is a very critical issue globally.On the other hand the strategy regulates the gun manufacturers who distribute guns through systems that are known to divert a large numbers of the guns to the illegal secondary markets. Similarly the strategy focuses on reducing the steady supply of the weapons to the criminals and the juveniles and also the circumventing of the federal and state laws that have been designed to prevent the acquisition of the guns by such individuals. The action program has the following strategies in gun distributi on ... Legislative strategies- this strategies are laid down so as to ensure that there is prevention of child access to the guns, there is restriction of the guns possession on the juveniles, there is Limitation of concealed weapons, there are requirements for the background checks on the guns and also waiting periods, there is licensing on gun owners and there are limits in purchases of the private gun. Community based prevention strategies- these strategies provides alternatives for the youths through programs such as community policing through which the distribution of the illegal firearms is directly monitored by the members of the community. This could however limit the distribution of the firearms thus providing safety to the communities. The effectiveness of the current distribution channels The current gun distribution channels make the guns available to the criminals and also the juveniles through a number of ways such as the straw purchases whereby an individual who is prohibited by the law from buying a gun has another person who completes the paperwork that is required on his behalf. (Jeff 2004) The current gun distribution channels are however very effective and they in Jeff, C. (2004): include; The corrupt dealers The straw purchases. The large volume sales The gun shows The incomplete background checks The inadequate security The unsafe designs The whistle blower revelations This reveals that there are counter marketing strategies which have been instigated so as to discourage the demand of the guns from the unwanted customers as well as discourage the sales of the guns from also the unwanted customers. The channels that are currently being used have a frame work that do not safeguard the fire arms manufacturers and the

Development of Energy Derivatives in Risk Management Essay

Development of Energy Derivatives in Risk Management - Essay Example An off-shoot of this transfiguration is augmented market fluctuation which has resulted in an equivalent increase in demand for risk management products. This requirement is mirrored in the development of financial derivatives ranging from the harmonized futures and options products to the wide spectrum of over-the-counter or OTC products as offered. Financial risks may be construed as the risks to an organization which crop up as a result of price vacillations, either directly or indirectly, influencing the value of a company (Sprcic, 2007). A fusion of greater deregulation, international competition, interest rates, and foreign exchange rate fluctuation, along with commodity price suspensions, and hoisted corporate concerns, have resulted in increased significance of financial risk management in the years that trailed. ... interest rate confrontation, the way and limit of managing such risks has frequently witnessed a major role in the success or failure of a business. As a result, we can discuss that financial risk management is one of the most significant corporate operations for the reason that it contributes to the actualization of the primary target of the company, which is stock-holder wealth maximization (Sprcic, 2007). It is possible to conduct financial risk management in two unique manners. On one hand, the first approach can be the employment of a diversification approach in the assortment of businesses that are operated by the corporation. On the other hand, the second approach can be the corporation's involvement in financial transactions. In the case of such diversification, which has been one of the most prominent tools of risk management, firms which are basically concerned about the fluctuations of their earnings, have switched to the financial markets. This is solely because of the reason that the financial markets have embellished more straight approaches to risk management which excel the requirement to straightway invest in actions which help in the alleviation of instabilities. The errand of financial risk management has been provided by the increasing accessibility of an assortment of derivative implements in order to shift financial price risks to other worthy parties which are capa ble of benefiting from it. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to Derivatives Prior to the accurate development of derivatives markets, the

Standard Costs for Product Costing Research Paper

Standard Costs for Product Costing - Research Paper Example It is a cost accounting method that is designed to determine appropriate cost of a product under current production circumstances. The definition of ‘standard cost’ given by Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) UK is that, it is â€Å"a predetermined cost which is calculated from management’s standards of efficient operations and the relevant necessary expenditure.† More simply, a standard cost is a planned cost for a unit of product or service produced under certain circumstances. The final phase of the standard costing method involves comparison of the predetermined/standard costs to the actual costs (which can only be established after the production) and a variance between the two costs enables the management to take required corrective action as suited regarding the manufacturing process. Thereby standard costing presents many obvious advantages to a manufacturing business like of Johnstown Division. Listed below are some of the most prominent advantages that have been identified in the past literature. 2. Finding of variance: The variance determined by comparison of actual verses standard costs indicates areas in the business process e.g. production-line with inefficiencies. It promotes corrective measures at the earliest and thereby systematic checks on various expenditures (Dosch & Wilson, 2010). 5. Right decisions: It enables and generates useful information for the management in taking important decisions. E.g. regarding purchase price inflations, employee incentive schemes, product pricing, etc. (Michael, 2011) Despite of these benefits, literature claims that shorter life cycles of products, new advanced manufacturing technologies, lesser importance of labor in the manufacturing process, and globalized competition has potential to cause expiration of standard costing (Sulaiman et al., 2005). A significant addition to the debate whether to encourage the use of standard costing is the research by Zoysa et al, in 2007. It